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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Solutions Chapter 13 Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Techniques
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Techniques Text Book Back Questions and Answers
PART – 1
I. Choose The Correct Answer
Question 1.
The term is used to describe a programming approach based on classes and objects is ……………….
(a) OOP
(b) POP
(c) ADT
(d) SOP
Answer:
(a) OOP
Question 2.
The paradigm which aims more at procedures ……………….
(a) Object Oriented Programming
(b) Procedural programming
(c) Modular programming
(d) Structural programming
Answer:
(b) Procedural programming
Question 3.
Which of the following is a user defined data type?
(a) class
(b) float
(c) int
(d) object
Answer:
(a) class
Question 4.
The identifiable entity with some characteristics and behaviour is ……………….
(a) class
(b) object
(c) structure
(d) member
Answer:
(b) object
Question 5.
The mechanism by which the data and functions are bound together into a single unit is known as ……………….
(a) Inheritance
(b) Encapsulation
(c) Polymorphism
(d) Abstraction
Answer:
(b) Encapsulation
Question 6.
Insulation of the data from direct access by the program is called as ……………….
(a) Data hiding
(b) Encapsulation
(c) Polymorphism
(d) Abstraction
Answer:
(a) Data hiding
Question 7.
Which of the following concept encapsulate all the essential properties of the object that are to be created?
(a) Class
(b) Encapsulation
(c) Polymorphism
(d) Abstraction
Answer:
(d) Abstraction
Question 8.
Which of the following is the most important advantage of inheritance?
(a) data hiding
(b) code reusability
(c) code modification
(d) accessibility
Answer:
(b) code reusability
Question 9.
“Write once and use it multiple time” can be achieved by ……………….
(a) redundancy
(b) reusability
(c) modification
(d) composition
Answer:
(b) reusability
Question 10.
Which of the following supports the transitive nature of data?
(a) Inheritance
(b) Encapsulation
(c) Polymorphism
(d) Abstraction
Answer:
(a) Inheritance
PART – 2
II. Answers to all the questions
Question 1.
How is modular programming different from the procedural programming paradigm?
Answer:
Procedural programming:
Procedural means a list of instructions were given to the computer to do something. Procedural programming aims more at procedures. This emphasis on doing things.
Modular programming:
Modular programming consists of a list of instructions that instructs the computer to do something. But this Paradigm consists of multiple modules, each module has a set of functions of related types. Data is hidden under the modules.
The arrangement of data can be changed only by modifying the module.
Question 2.
Differentiate classes and objects.
Answer:
Class:
- Class is a blueprint or template from which objects are created.
- Class doesn’t allocate memory when it is created.
- Class is a logical entity.
Object:
- Object is an instance of a class.
- Objects allocate memory when it is created.
- Object is a physical entity.
Question 3.
What is polymorphism?
Answer:
Polymorphism is the ability of a message or function to be displayed in more than one form.
Question 4.
How is encapsulation and abstraction are interrelated?
Answer:
Abstraction means giving only essential things and hiding unnecessary details. Encapsulation is the binding of data members and methods together in a capsule to avoid accidental changes to data from external users, i.e., encapsulation is the bundling of related algorithms and data.
Question 5.
Write the disadvantages of OOP.
Answer:
- Size: Object-Oriented Programs are much larger than other programs.
- Effort: Object-Oriented Programs require a lot of work to create.
- Speed: Object-Oriented Programs are slower than other programs, because of their size.
PART – 3
III. Answers to all the questions
Question 1.
What is a paradigm? Mention the different types of paradigm.
Answer:
Paradigm means organizing principle of a program. It is an approach to programming. There are different approaches available for problem-solving using computers. They are Procedural programming, Modular Programming, and Object-Oriented Programming.
Question 2.
Write a note on the features of procedural programming.
Answer:
Important features of procedural programming:
- Programs are organized in the form of subroutines or subprograms
- All data items are global
- Suitable for small-sized software application
- Difficult to maintain and enhance the program code as any change in data type needs to be propagated to all subroutines that use the same data type. This is time-consuming.
- Example: FORTRAN and COBOL
Question 3.
List some of the features of modular programming.
Answer:
Important features of Modular programming:
- Emphasis on the algorithm rather than data
- Programs are divided into individual modules
- Each module are independent of each other and have their own local data
- Modules can work with their own data as well as with the data passed to it.
- Example: Pascal and C.
Question 4.
What do you mean by modularization and software reuse?
Answer:
Modularisation: where the program can be decomposed into modules.
Software re-use: where a program can be composed of existing and new modules.
Question 5.
Define information hiding.
Answer:
Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. This encapsulation of data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.
PART – 4
IV. Answers to all the questions
Question 1.
Write the differences between Object-Oriented Programming and Procedural Programming
Answer:
Procedural programming:
Procedural means a list of instructions were given to the computer to do something. Procedural programming aims more at procedures. This emphasis on doing things.
Important features of procedural programming:
- Programs are organized in the form of subroutines or subprograms.
- All data items are global.
- Suitable for a small-sized software application.
- Difficult to maintain and enhance the program code as any change in data type needs to be propagated to all subroutines that use the same data type. This is time-consuming.
- Example: FORTRAN and COBOL.
Object-Oriented Programming:
The object-Oriented Programming paradigm emphasizes on the data rather than the algorithm. It implements programs using classes and objects.
Important features of object-oriented programming:
- Emphasizes on data rather than algorithms.
- Data abstraction is introduced in addition to procedural abstraction.
- Data and its associated operations are grouped into single unit.
- Programs are designed around the data being operated.
- Relationships can be created between similar, yet distinct data types.
- Example: C++, Java, VB.Net, Python etc.
Question 2.
What are the advantages of OOPs?
Answer:
Reusability: “Write once and use it multiple times” you can achieve this by using class. Redundancy: Inheritance is a good feature for data redundancy. If you need the same functionality in multiple classes you can write a common class for the same functionality and inherit that class to sub-class.
Easy Maintenance: It is easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small differences to existing ones.
Security: Using data hiding and abstraction only necessary data will be provided thus maintains the security of data.
Question 3.
Write a note on the basic concepts that support OOPs?
Answer:
Basic concepts of OOP:
Encapsulation:
The mechanism by which the data and functions are bound together into a single unit is known as Encapsulation.
Data Abstraction:
Abstraction refers to showing only the essential features without revealing background details.
Modularity:
Modularity is designing a system that is divided into a set of functional units (named modules) that can be composed into a larger application.
Inheritance:
Inheritance is the technique of building new classes (derived class) from an existing class (base class). The most important advantage of inheritance is code reusability.
Polymorphism:
Polymorphism is the ability of a message or function to be displayed in more than one form.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Techniques Additional Questions and Answers
PART – 1
I. Choose the correct answer
Question 1.
………………… is the term used to describe a programming approach based on classes and objects.
a) Modular Programming
b) Procedural Programming
c) Object-Oriented Programming
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Object-Oriented Programming
Question 2.
A class represents a group of similar ……………….
(a) objects
(b) modules
(c) arrays
(d) data
Answer:
(a) objects
Question 3.
In which year the word ‘object’ has appeared in relation to programming languages?
a) 1980
b) 1990
c) 1970
d) 1985
Answer:
a) 1980
Question 4.
………………. refers to showing only the essential features without revealing background details.
(a) Redundancy
(b) Encapsulation
(c) Abstraction
(d) Inheritance
Answer:
(c) Abstraction
Question 5.
……………… is an approach available for problem-solving using the computer.
a) Modular Programming
b) Procedural Programming
c) Object-Oriented Programming
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above
Question 6.
………………… means, a program can be composed of existing and new modules.
a) Modularisation
b) Software re-use
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Software re-use
Question 7.
The main feature of Object-Oriented Programming is ………………….
a) Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
b) Modularity
c) Inheritance and Polymorphism
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above
Question 8.
……………………. implements abstraction.
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance
Answer:
b) Encapsulation
Question 9.
……………….. can be called data binding.
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance
Answer:
b) Encapsulation
Question 10.
……………………… is the most striking feature of a class,
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance
Answer:
b) Encapsulation
PART – 2
II. Very Short Answers
Question 1.
What is procedural programming?
Answer:
Procedural means a list of instructions were given to the computer to do something. Procedural programming aims more at procedures. This emphasis on doing things.
Question 2.
What is a class?
Answer:
A Class is a construct in C++ which is used to bind data and its associated function together into a single unit using the encapsulation concept. Class is a user-defined data type. The class represents a group of similar objects.
Question 3.
What is modularity?
Answer:
Modularity is designing a system that is divided into a set of functional units (named modules) that can be composed into a larger application.
Question 4.
What are the main features of OOP?
Answer:
Main Features of Object-Oriented Programming:
- Data Abstraction
- Encapsulation
- Modularity
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
Question 5.
What is redundancy?
Answer:
Inheritance is a good feature for data redundancy. If you need the same functionality in multiple classes you can write a common class for the same functionality and inherit that class to sub-class.
PART – 3
III. Short Answers
Question 1.
Write about objects.
Answer:
The object represents data and its associated function together into a single unit. Objects are the basic unit of OOP. Basically, an object is created from a class. They are instances of class also called class variables
An identifiable entity with some characteristics and behaviour is called an object.
Question 2.
Write a note on redundancy.
Answer:
Redundancy:
Inheritance is a good feature for data redundancy. If you need the same functionality in multiple classes you can write a common class for the same functionality and inherit that class to sub-class.
PART – 4
IV. Explain in Detail
Question 1.
Explain about features of object-oriented programming.
Answer:
Main Features of Object-Oriented Programming
- Data Abstraction
- Encapsulation
- Modularity
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
Encapsulation:
1. The mechanism by which the data and functions are bound together into a single unit is known as Encapsulation. It implements abstraction.
2. Encapsulation is about binding the data variables and functions together in class. It can also be called data binding.
3. Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. These functions provide the interface between the object’s data and the program. This encapsulation of data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding.
Data Abstraction:
Abstraction refers to showing only the essential features without revealing background details. Classes use the concept of abstraction to define a list of abstract attributes and function which operate on these attributes.
They encapsulate all the essential properties of the object that are to be created. The attributes are called data members because they hold information. The functions that operate on these data are called methods or member functions.
Modularity:
Modularity is designing a system that is divided into a set of functional units (named modules) that can be composed into a larger application.
Inheritance:
Inheritance is the technique of building new classes (derived class) from an existing class (base class). The most important advantage of inheritance is code reusability.
Polymorphism:
Polymorphism is the ability of a message or function to be displayed in more than one form.