Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Solutions Chapter 10 Environmental Economics

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Solutions Chapter 10 Environmental Economics

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Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Environmental Economics Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – A
Multiple Choice Questions.

Question 1.
The term environment has been derived from a French word …………………………
(a) Environ
(b) Environs
(c) Environia
(d) Envir
Answer:
(c) Environia

Question 2.
The word biotic means environment
(a) Living
(b) Non – living
(c) Physical
(d) None of the the above
Answer:
(a) Living

Question 3.
Ecosystem is smallest unit of …………………………
(a) Ionosphere
(b) Lithosphere
(c) Biosphere
(d) Mesosphere
Answer:
(c) Biosphere

Question 4.
Who developed Material Balance Models?
(a) Thomas and Picardy
(b) Non – market goods
(c) Joan Robinson and J.M. Keynes
(d) Joseph Stiglitz and Edward Chamberlin
Answer:
(d) Joseph Stiglitz and Edward Chamberlin

Question 5.
Environmental goods are …………………………
(a) Market goods
(b) Non – market goods
(c) Both
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Non – market goods

Question 6.
In a pure public good, consumption is …………………………
(a) Rival
(b) Non – rival
(c) Both
(d) None of the the above
Answer:
(a) Rival

Question 7.
One of the most important market failures is caused by …………………………
(a) Positive externalities
(b) Negative externalities
(c) Both
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Negative externalities

Question 8.
The common source of outdoor air pollution is caused by combustion processes from the following …………………………
(a) Heating and cooking
(b) Traditional stoves
(c) Motor vehicles
(d) All the above
Answer:
(b) Traditional stoves

Question 9.
The major contributor of Carbon monoxide is …………………………
(a) Automobiles
(b) Industrial process
(c) Stationary fuel combustion
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Automobiles

Question 10.
Which one of the following causes of global warming?
(a) Earth gravitation force
(b) Oxygen
(c) Centripetal force
(d) Increasing temperature
Answer:
(d) Increasing temperature

Question 11.
Which of the following is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet rays?
(a) UY – A
(b) UV – C
(c) Ozone layer
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Ozone layer

Question 12.
Global warming also refers to as …………………………
(a) Ecological change
(b) Climate Change
(c) Atmosphere change
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Question 13.
Which of the following is the anticipated effect of Global warming?
(a) Rising sea levels
(b) Changing precipitation
(c) Expansion of deserts
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(b) Changing precipitation

Question 14.
The process of nutrient enrichment is termed as …………………………
(a) Eutrophication
(b) Limiting nutrients
(c) Enrichment
(d) Schistosomiasis
Answer:
(b) Limiting nutrients

Question 15.
Primary cause of Soil pollution is …………………………
(a) Pest control measures
(b) Land reclamation
(c) Agricultural runoff
(d) Chemical fertilizer
Answer:
(d) Chemical fertilizer

Question 16.
Which of the following is main cause for deforestation?
(a) Timber harvesting industry
(b) Natural afforestation
(c) Soil stabilization
(d) Climate stabilization
Answer:
(a) Timber harvesting industry

Question 17.
Electronic waste is commonly referred as …………………………
(a) Solid waste
(b) Composite waste
(c) E – waste
(d) Hospital waste
Answer:
(c) E – waste

Question 18.
Acid rain is one of the consequences of ………………………… Air pollution.
(a) Water Pollution
(b) Land pollution
(c) Noise pollution
(d) Soil Pollution
Answer:
(a) Water Pollution

Question 19.
Sustainable Development Goals and targets are to be achieved by …………………………
(a) 2020
(b) 2025
(c) 2030
(d)2050
Answer:
(c) 2030

Question 20.
Alkali soils are predominantly located in the ………………………… plains?
(a) Indus – Ganga
(b) North – Indian
(c) Gangetic plains
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Part – B
Answer The Following Questions In One or Two Sentences.

Question 21.
State the meaning of environment?
Answer:
Environment means “all the conditions, circumstances and influences surrounding and affecting the development of an organism or group of organisms”

Question 22.
What do you mean by ecosystem?
Answer:

1. An ecosystem includes all living things (plants, animals, and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).
2. Ecosystems are the foundations of the Biosphere and they determine the health of the entire earth system.

Question 23.
Mention the countries where per capita carbon dioxide emission is the highest in the world?
Answer:

• United States
• Australia
• Canada
• Netherlands
• Japan

Question 24.
What are environmental goods? Give examples?
Answer:
1. Environmental goods are typically non-market goods, including clear air, clean water, landscape, green transport infrastructure (footpaths, cycleways, greenways, etc.), public parks, urban parks, rivers, mountains, forests, and beaches.

2. Concerns with environmental goods focus on the effects that the exploitation of ecological systems has on the economy, the well-being of humans and other species, and on the environment.

Question 25.
What are the remedial measures to control noise pollution?
Answer:

1. Use of noise barriers
2. Traffic control
3. Newer roadway for surface transport
4. Regulating times for heavy vehicles
5. Regulation of Loudspeakers.

Question 26.
Define Global warming?
Answer:
1. Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (both land and water) as well as its atmosphere. Average temperatures around the world have risen by 0.75°C (1.4°F) over the last 100 years. About two-thirds of this increase has occurred since 1975.

Carbon dioxide, methane, Chlorofluoro Carbon, nitrous oxides are the greenhouse gases warming the earth’s surface. So it is also called the greenhouse effect. The CO₂ is the most important of the greenhouse gases contributing to 50% of global warming.

2. Global warming adversely affects agriculture, horticulture, and the ecosystem.

Question 27.
Specify the meaning of seed ball?
Answer:
A seed ball is a seed that has been wrapped in soil materials, usually a mixture of clay and compost, and then dried.

Part – C
Answer The Following Questions In One Paragraph.

Question 28.
Brief the linkage between economy and environment?
Answer:
Linkage between Economy and Environment:

1. Man’s life is interconnected with various other living and non-living things.
2. The life also depends on social, political, ethical, philosophical and other aspects of economic system.
3. In fact, the life of human beings is shaped by his living environment.
4. The relationship between the economy and the environment is generally explained in the form of a “Material Balance Model”.
5. The model considers the total economic process as a physically balanced flow between inputs and outputs.
6. Inputs are bestowed with physical property of energy which is received from the environment.
7. The interdependence of economics and environment.

Economy – Environmental Interlinkages Material Balance Model

Question 29.
Specify the meaning of the material balance principle?
Answer:

1. The relationship between the economy and the environment is generally explained in the form of a “Material Balance Model” developed by AlenKneese and R.V. Ayres.
2. The model considers the total economic process as a physically balanced flow between inputs and outputs.
3. Inputs are bestowed with physical property of energy which is received from the environment.

1. The interdependence of economics and environment.

2. The first law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law of conservation of matter and energy, emphasizes that in any production system “what goes in must come out”. This is known as the Material Balance Approach or Material Balance Principle.

3. Moreover, all resources extracted from the environment eventually become unwanted wastes and pollutants. Production of output by firms from inputs resulting in the discharge of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. Similarly, waste results from consumption activities by households.

4. In its simple form the Material Balance Approach can be put in the form equation.
M = G – R_C – R_P + R^r_P + R^r_c = R^d_c + R^d_c

Question 30.
Explain different types of air pollution?
Answer:
Indoor Air Pollution:
It refers to toxic contaminants that we encounter in our daily lives in our homes, schools and workplaces.
Eg: Cooking and heating with solid fuels on open fires.

Outdoor Air Pollution:
It refers to ambient air. The common sources of outdoor air pollution are caused by combustion processes from motor vehicles, solid fuel burning and industry.

Question 31.
What are the causes of water pollution?
Answer:
Causes of Water Pollution:
Water pollution is caused due to several reasons. Here are the few major causes of water
pollution:

(I) Discharge of sewage and wastewater:

1. Sewage, garbage and liquid waste of households, agricultural runoff and effluents from factories are discharged into lakes and rivers.
2. These wastes contain harmful chemicals and toxins which make the water poisonous for aquatic animals and plants.

(II) Dumping of solid wastes:
The dumping of solid wastes and litter in water bodies cause huge problems.

(III) Discharge of industrial wastes:
Industrial waste contains pollutants like asbestos, lead, mercury, grease oil and petrochemicals, which are extremely harmful to both people and the environment.

(IV) Oil Spill:

1. Seawater gets polluted due to oil spilled from ships and tankers while travelling.
2. The spilled oil does not dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge polluting the water.

(V) Acid rain:

1. Acid rain is pollution of water caused by air pollution.
2. When the acidic particles caused by air pollution in the atmosphere mix with water vapor, it results in acid rain.

(VI) Global warming:
Due to global warming, there is an increase in water temperature as a result aquatic plants and animals are affected.

(VII) Eutrophication:

1. Eutrophication is an increased level of nutrients in water bodies.
2. This results in bloom of algae in water.
3. It also depletes the oxygen in water which negatively affects fish and other aquatic animal population.

Question 32.
State the meaning of e-waste?
Answer:

• Electronic waste which is commonly referred as “e-waste” is the new by prod¬uct of the Infotech society.
• It is a physical waste in the form of old discarded, end of life electronics.
• It includes a broad and growing range of electronic devices from large house¬hold appliances like refrigerators, Air conditioners, etc.
• E-waste can be defined as the result when consumer, business and household devices are disposed or sent for recycling.

Question 33.
What is land pollution? Mention the causes of land pollution?
Answer:
land pollution is defined as, “the degradation of land because of the disposal of waste on the land”. Any substance (solid, liquid or gaseous) that is discharged, emitted or deposited in the environment in such a way that it alters the environment causes land pollution.

Causes of Land Pollution:

(I) Deforestation and soil erosion:

1. Deforestation carried out to create drylands is one of the major concerns.
2. Land that is once converted into a dry or barren land, can never be made fertile again, whatever the magnitude of measures to convert it.

(II) Agricultural activities:

1. With growing human and pet animal population, demand for food has increased considerably.
2. Farmers often use highly toxic fertilizers and pesticides to get rid off insects, fungi and bacteria from their crops.
3. However the overuse of these chemicals, results in contamination and poisoning of land.

(III) Mining activities:
During extraction and mining activities, several land spaces are created beneath the surface.

(IV) Landfills:

1. Each household produces tones of garbage each year due to changing economic lifestyle of the people.
2. Garbage like plastic, paper, cloth, wood and hospital waste get accumulated.
3. Items that cannot be recycled become a part of the landfills that cause land pollution.

(V) Industrialization:

1. Due to increasing consumerism more industries were developed which led to deforestation.
2. Research and development paved the way for modem fertilizers and chemicals that were highly toxic and led to soil contamination.

(VI) Construction activities:

1. Due to urbanization, large amount of construction activities are taking place.
2. This has resulted in large waste articles like wood, metal, bricks, plastic.
3. These are dumped at the outskirts of urban areas that lead to land pollution.

(VII) Nuclear waste:

1. The leftover radioactive materials, harmful and toxic chemicals affect human health.
2. They are dumped beneath the earth to avoid any casualty.

Question 34.
Write a note on
(a) Climate change and
(b) Acid rain.
Answer:
Climate change refers to seasonal changes over a long period with respect to the growing accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increase in the concentration of C02 in the atmosphere led to global warming.

Acid Rain:
Acid rain is one of the consequences of air pollution. It occurs when emissions from factories, cars or heating boilers contact with the water in the atmosphere. These emissions contain, nitrogen oxides, SO₂, SO₃ which when mixed with water becomes sulfurous acid, HNO₃, H₂SO₄

Part – D
Answer The Following Questions In About A Page.

Question 35.
Briefly explain the relationship between GDP growth and the quality of the environment?
Answer:
GDP Growth:

1. Ross domestic product is the money value of final goods and services produced in the domestic territory of a country during an accounting year.
2. GDP can be determined in 3 ways in all of which should in principle give the same result.
3. The real Economic GDP growth rate expressed as percentage that shows the rate of change in a countries GDP.
4. The Four supply Factors are natural resources capital goods, human resources and technology.
5. GDP is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services.
6. The contribution of nature to GDP as well as depletion of natural resources are not accounted in the present system of National Income.

Quality of Environment:

1. Environmental quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment either generalized or local as they impinge on human beings and other organisms.
2. It is a measure of the condition of an environment relative to one or more species any human need or purpose.
3. Environmental quality has been continuously declining due to the capitalistic mode of functioning.
4. The environment is a pure public good that can be consumed simultaneously by everyone and from which no one can be excluded.
5. A pure public good is one for which consumption is non-revival and from which it is impossible to exclude a consumer.
6. The environment directly affects health status and plays a major role in quality of life lived and good health disparities.

Question 36.
Explain the concepts of externality and its classification?
Answer:

Externality:

• Externality may be defined as ” the cost or benefit imposed by the consumption and production activities of the individuals on the rest of the society not directly involved in this activity and towards which no payment is made”.
• The Externalities arise from both production and consumption activities and their impact could be beneficial or adverse.
• Beneficial externalities are called ” positive externalities” and adverse ones are called ” negative externalities”.

Positive consumption Externality:
When some residents of a locality hire a private security agency to patrol their area, the other residents of the area also benefit-from better security without bearing the cost.

Negative consumption Externality:
A person smoking a cigarette may give satisfaction to that person, but this act causes hardship to the non – smokers who are driven to passive smoking.

Positive Production Externality:
The ideal location for beehives is orchards. While bees make honey, they also help in the pollination of apple blossoms, the benefits accrue to both producers. This is called’ reciprocal untraded interdependency’.

Negative production Externality:
Negative production externalities include pollution generated by a factory that imposes costs on others.

Negative Production Externality:

Question 37.
Explain the importance of sustainable development and its goals?
Answer:

• Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• It is concerned with the welfare of not only the present generation but also the future generation.
• The present generation should not exhaust the resources left by the past generation, but it Should leave the same for the sake of future generations. This is called inter-generational equity.

A set of 17 goals for the world’s future were fixed by United Nations. They are

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean water and sanitation
7. Affordable and clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10. Reduced Inequalities
11. Sustainable cities and communities
12. Responsible consumption and production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
16. Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Environmental Economics Additional Questions and Answers

Part – A
I. Multiple Choice Questions.

Question 1.
………………………………….. are the foundations of the Biosphere.
a) Environment
b) Ecosystems
c) Nature
d) Surroundings
Answer:
b) Ecosystems

Question 2.
The relationship between the Economy and the environment is generally explained in the form of a …………………….. model.
(a) Material Economic
(b) Material Eco
(c) Material balance
(d) Material Environment
Answer:
(c) Material balance

Question 3.
The Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act ………………
a) 1967
b) 1976
c) 1981
d) 1951
Answer:
c) 1981

Question 4.
Environmental externalities are called ……………………..
(a) Externality
(b) Economic externalities
(c) Nagative externalities
(d) Positive externalities
Answer:
(d) Positive externalities

Question 5.
…………………….. is of contaminants environment.
(a) Pollution
(b) Air Pollution
(c) Water pollution
(d) Noise Pollution
Answer:
(a) Pollution

Question 6.
Nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulphur trioxide mix with water and come down to earth as ……………….
a) Pollution
b) Acid Rain
c) Chemical waste
d) Liquid waste
Answer:
b) Acid Rain

Question 7.
…………………….. it creates several respiratory and heart ailments along with cancer.
(a) Water pollution
(b) Noise pollution
(c) Air pollution
(d) Land pollution
Answer:
(c) Air pollution

Question 8.
…………………….. is an increase in water temperature as a result aquatic plants and animals are affected.
(a) Oil spill
(b) Acid rain
(c) Global warming
(d) Eutrophication
Answer:
(c) Global warming

Question 9.
……….. is the main consequence of Air pollution.
a) Water pollution
b) Acid Rain
c) Eutrophication
d) Oil spills
Answer:
b) Acid Rain

Question 10.
…………………….. adversely affects agriculture, horticulture, and ecosystem.
(a) Climate change
(b) Global warming
(c) Land pollution
(d) Acid rain
Answer:
(b) Global warming

Question 11.
Soil pollution is another form of …………………….. pollution.
(a) Land
(b) Fertilizer
(c) Chemical
(d) Medicinal
Answer:
(a) Land

Question 12.
…………………….. is the supplier of the forms of resources.
(a) Farmers
(b) Environment
(c) Chemicals
(d) Fertilizers
Answer:
(b) Environment

Question 13.
…………………….. is led to land pollution.
(a) Forestation
(b) Forest
(c) Fertilizers
(d) Deforestation
Answer:
(d) Deforestation

Question 14.
Acid rain is one of the consequences of …………………….. pollution.
(a) Land
(b) Air
(c) Water
(d) Soil
Answer:
(a) Land

Question 15.
Atmospheric noise or static is caused by lightning discharges in ……………………..
(a) Thunderstorms
(b) Flood
(c) Landslide
(d) Drought
Answer:
(a) Thunderstorms

Question 16.
Polluted water is harmful to……………………..
(a) Industries
(b) Agriculture
(c) Land pollution
(d) Soil pollution
Answer:
(b) Agriculture

Question 17.
Electronic waste is commonly referred to as …………………….. is a new by-product of the Info-Tech society.
(a) E-waste
(b) Plastic waster
(c) Waste
(d) Rubber waste
Answer:
(a) E-waste

Question 18.
…………………….. is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface as well as its atmosphere.
(a) Globe warming
(b) Global warming
(c) Globe spoiled
(d) Temperature warming
Answer:
(b) Global warming

Question 19.
…………………….. is an increased level of nutrients in water bodies.
(a) Eutrophication
(b) Global warming
(c) Acid rain
(d) Oil spill
Answer:
(a) Eutrophication

Question 20.
…………………….. is the supplier of all forms of resources like renewable and non – renewable.
(a) Environment
(b) Environmental goods
(c) Environmental quality
(d) Environmental wastes
Answer:
(a) Environment

Question 21.
Heavy machinery located inside big factories and industrial plants also emits pollutants into the ……………………..
(a) Land
(b) Soil
(c) Air
(d) Water
Answer:
(c) Air

Question 22.
…………………….. causes great damage to human beings, animals and crops.
(a) Natural
(b) Factories
(c) Acid rain
(d) Global warming
Answer:
(c) Acid rain

Question 23.
…………………….. is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
(a) Alternative approach
(b) Environmental protection
(c) Economic growth
(d) Sustainable development
Answer:
(d) Sustainable development

Question 24.
…………………….. is a system of agricultural production which relies on animal manure, organic waste, crop rotation, legumes and biological pest control.
(a) Organic farming
(b) Land forming
(c) Land pollution
(d) Soil pollution
Answer:
(a) Organic farming

II. Match The following And Choose The Correct Answer By Using Codes Given Below.

Question 1.
A. Causes of air pollution – (i) Solid waste
B. Types of water pollution – (ii) Vehicle exhaust smoke
C. Types of land pollution – (iii) Deforestation
D. Causes of land pollution (iv) Ground water pollution
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (iv) B (iii) c (ii) D(i)
(c) A (ii) B (iv) C (i) D (iii)
(d) A (iii) B(i) C (iv) D (ii)
Answer:
(c) A (ii) B (iv) C (i) D (iii)

Question 2.
A. Organic farming – (i) Global warming
B. Effects of noise pollution – (ii) Animal manure
C. Effects of water pollution – (iii) Hearing loss
D. Effects of air pollution – (iv) Death of aquatic animals
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (iv) B (i) C (ii) D (iii)
(c) A (iii) B (iv) C (i) D (ii)
(d) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D(i)
Answer:
(d) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D(i)

Question 3.
A. World commision – (i) Seawater
B. Organic farming – (ii) Environment and Development
C. Oil spill – (iii) Nutrients in water
D. Eutrophication – (iv) Animal husbandry
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (ii) B (iv) C(i) D (iii)
(c) A (iii) B (i) C (iv) D (ii)
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C (ii) D (i)
Answer:
(b) A (ii) B (iv) C(i) D (iii)

Question 4.
A. Alkali soil – (i) High noise
B. Cardio vascular – (ii) Indo gangetic
C. Solid waste – (iii) Toxic chemicals
D. Skin cancer (iv) Rubbish
Codes:
(a) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)
(b) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(c) A (iii) B (iv) C (ii) D(i)
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C(i) D (ii)
Answer:
(a) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)

Question 5.
A. Remedies of land pollution – (i) Sulphur dioxide
B. Acid rain – (ii) Degradation of land
C. Land pollution – (iii) Fossil fuel
D. Power plants – (iv) Usage of plastic
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (ii) B (iii) C(iv) D (i)
(c) A (iv) B (i) C (ii) D (iii)
(d) A (iii) B (iv) C(i) D(ii)
Answer:
(c) A (iv) B (i) C (ii) D (iii)

III. State Whether The Statements Are True or False.

Question 1.
(i) Environmental economics is a different branch of economics that recognizes the value of both the environment and economic activity.
(ii) Environmental Economics involves theoretical and empirical studies of the economic effects.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

Question 2.
(i) The relationship between the economy and the environment is generally explained in the form of a “Material Balance Model”.
(ii) This model developed by Alenkneese and R.V. Ayres.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

Question 3.
(i) Beneficial externalities are called “Positive externalities”.
(ii) Beneficial externalities are called “Negative externalities”.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(b) (i) is true but (ii) is false

Question 4.
(i) Surface water includes natural water found on the earth’s surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons, and oceans.
(ii) Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be called the surface of land pollution.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false

Question 5.
(i) Noise pollution is unwanted or excessive sound that can have deleterious effects on human health and environmental quality.
(ii) Noise pollution is also coming from highway, railway, and airplane traffic and from outdoor construction activities.
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

IV. Which Of The Following Is Correctly Matched:

Question 1.
(a) Types of noise pollution – Death of aquatic animals
(b) Effects of water pollution – Factory machinery
(c) Types of water pollution – Respiratory and heart problems
(d) Causes of air pollution – Vehicle exhaust smoke
Answer:
(d) Causes of air pollution – Vehicle exhaust smoke

Question 2.
(a) Environmental goods – Human beings
(b) Types of pollution – Transport
(c) Human health – Land pollution
(d) Microbiological pollution – Water pollution
Answer:
(d) Microbiological pollution – Water pollution

Question 3.
(a) Global warming – Affects industry
(b) Acid rain – Usage of pesticides
(c) Electronic waste – e – waste
(d) SDGs – Poverty increased
Answer:
(c) Electronic waste – e-waste

Question 4.
(a) Crackers – Big industry
(b) Soil pollution – Damaged river
(c) Farmers – Use highly toxic fertilizers
(d) Deforestation – Due to urbanisation
Answer:
(c) Farmers – Use highly toxic fertilizers

Question 5.
(a) Seed ball – Providing oxygen
(b) E-waste – Sustainable development
(c) Fertilizers used – Water pollution
(d) Oil spill – Seawater polluted
Answer:
(d) Oil spill – Seawater polluted

V. Which Of The Following Is Not Correctly Matched.

Question 1.
(a) Acid rain – Sulphur dioxide
(b) Agro – Ecosystem
(c) Negative production – Factory emission
(d) Ozone layer – Major cause of death
Answer:
(d) Ozone layer – Major cause of death

Question 2.
(a) Fossil fuel – Power plants
(b) Forest – Replenish soil
(c) Environmental goods – Pre – planted
(d) Agriculture – Fertilizer
Answer:
(c) Environmental goods – Pre – planted

Question 3.
(a) Sustainable development – Monitors
(b) Oil spill – Seawater
(c) Water – Land pollution
(d) Tree – Lungs of the Earth
Answer:
(c) Water – Land pollution

Question 4.
(a) Natural pollution – Aquatic and Human illness
(b) Global warming – Increasing temperature
(c) Discharge of sewage – Outdoor air pollution
(d) Organic farming – Deforestation
Answer:
(d) Organic farming – Deforestation

Question 5.
(a) Acid rain – Land pollution
(b) Soil – Soil contamination
(c) Heavy industries – Land pollution
(d) Environmental goods – Environmental quality
Answer:
(c) Heavy industries – Land pollution

VI. Pick The Odd One Out.

Question 1.
Types of Noise pollution
(a) Atmospheric noise pollution
(b) Industrial noise pollution
(c) Man-made noise pollution
(d) Acid rain pollution
Answer:
(d) Acid rain pollution

Question 2.
Causes of Noise pollution
(a) Construction
(b) Motor vehicles
(c) Crackers
(d) Factory machinery
Answer:
(a) Construction

Question 3.
Types of Land pollution
(a) Solid waste
(b) Cardiovascular effects
(c) Pesticides and fertilizers
(d) Deforestation
Answer:
(b) Cardiovascular effects

Question 4.
Causes of Land Pollution
(a) Deforestation and soil erosin
(b) Agriculture activities spoiled
(c) Fertilizer spoiled
(d) Mining activities spoiled
Answer:
(c) Fertilizer spoiled

Question 5.
Organic farming
(a) Manure
(b) Biofertilizers
(c) Crop rotation
(d) Solid waste
Answer:
(d) Solid waste

VII. Assertion And Reason.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Natural pollution causes both aquatic and human illness.
Reason (R): Pollution is damage to the ecosystem and aesthetics of our surroundings.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation for ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Vehicles smoke happens to release high amounts of carbon monoxide.
Reason (R): Chemicals like carbon-di-oxide are released during the burning process.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Sewage, garbage, and liquid waste of households, agriculture runoff, and effluents from factories are discharged into lakes and rivers.
Reason (R): These wastes contain useful chemicals and toxins.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Remedial measures to control air pollution are growing more plants and trees.
Reason (R): Remedial measures to control air pollution is the establishment of industries in the town and cities.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false

Question 5.
Assertion (A): Soil pollution is another form of water pollution.
Reason (R): The upper layer of the soil is damaged is caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true

Part – B
Answer The Following Questions In One or Two Sentences.

Question 1.
State the meaning of Environmental Economics.
Answer:
Environmental Economics is an area of economics that studies the financial impact of environmental issues and policies.

Question 2.
What is organic farming?
Answer:

1. Organic farming is a system of agricultural production which relies on animal manure, organic waste, crop rotation, legumes, and biological pest control.
2. It avoids the use of synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, and livestock additives.
3. Organic inputs have certain benefits, such as enriching the soil for microbes.

Question 3.
What is Environmental quality?
Answer:
Environmental quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms.

Question 4.
Define “Noise pollution”?
Answer:

1. Noise pollution is unwanted or excessive sound that can have deleterious effects on human health and environmental quality.
2. Noise pollution is commonly generated by many factories.
3. It also comes from the highway, railway, and airplane traffic and from outdoor construction activities.

Question 5.
Name the types of pollution.
Answer:

1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Noise pollution
4. Land pollution

Question 6.
What are the types of pollution?
Answer:
Types of Pollution:

1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Noise pollution
4. Land pollution.

Part – C
Answer The Following Questions In One Paragraph.

Question 1.
Write a note on “Remedial Measures to control land pollution?
Answer:
Remedial measures to control Land Pollution:

1. Making people aware of the concept of a Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse
2. Buying biodegradable products
3. Minimizing the usage of pesticides
4. Shifting cultivation
5. Disposing of unwanted garbage properly either by burning or by burying it under the soil.
6. Minimizing the usage of plastics.

Question 2.
Mention the Remedial Measures to control water pollution?
Answer:
Remedial measures to control Water Pollution:

1. Comprehensive water management plan.
2. Construction of proper storm drains and settling ponds.
3. Maintenance of drain line.
4. Effluent and sewage treatment plant.
5. Regular monitoring of water and wastewater.
6. Stringent actions towards illegal dumping of waste into the water bodies.

Question 3.
Explain the types of Land Pollution.
Answer:

1. Solid waste: It includes all kinds of rubbish like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, food, used cars, broken electronic goods, municipal waste, and hospital waste.
2. Pesticides and Fertilizers: Many farming activities engage in the application of fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides for higher crop yield which pollutes the land.
3. Deforestation: Humans depend on trees for many things including life. Forest helps replenish soils and helps retain nutrients being washed away. Deforestation is led to land pollution.

Part – D
Answer The Following Questions In About A Page.

Question 1.
What are the effects of Land pollution?
Answer:
Effects of Land Pollution:
(I) Soil pollution:

1. Soil pollution is another form of land pollution, where the upper layer of the soil is damaged.
2. This is caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
3. This leads to the loss of fertile land.
4. Pesticides kill not only pests and also human beings.

(II) Health Impact:

1. The land when contaminated with toxic chemicals and pesticides leads to the problem of skin cancer and the human respiratory system.
2. The toxic chemicals can reach our body through foods and vegetables.

(III) Cause for Air pollution:

1. Landfills and waste dumping lead to air pollution.
2. The abnormal toxic substances spread in the atmosphere cause transmit respiratory diseases among the masses.

(IV) Effect on wildlife:

1. The animal kingdom has suffered most in the past decades.
2. They face a serious threat with regards to the loss of habitat and natural environment.
3. The constant human activity on land is leaving it polluted, forcing these species to move farther away.
4. Sometimes several species are pushed to the verge of extinction or disappear due to no conducive environment.

Question 2.
Briefly explain effects of Noise pollution?
Answer:
Effects of Noise Pollution:
(a) Hearing Loss:

1. Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss.
2. Older people are exposed to significant occupational noise and thereby reduced hearing sensitivity.

(b) Damage Physiological and Psychological health:

1. Unwanted noise can damage physiological and psychological health.
2. For example, annoyance and aggression, hypertension, and high-stress levels.

(c) Cardiovascular effects:
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular problems and exposure to blood pressure.

(d) Detrimental effect on animals and aquatic life:
Noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of death.

(e) Effects on wildlife and aquatic animals:
It creates hormone imbalance, chronic stress, panic and escapes behavior, and injury.

Question 3.
Write a note on organic farming.
Answer:

• Organic farming is a system of agricultural production which relies on animal manure, organic waste, crop rotation, legumes, and biological pest control.
• It avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock additives.
• Organic inputs have certain benefits such as enriching the soil for microbes.
• Organic production is a holistic system designed to optimize the productivity and fitness of diverse communities within the agroecosystem, including soil organisms, plants, livestock, and people.
• The principal goal of organic production is to develop enterprises that are sustainable and harmonious with the environment.

Question 4.
Explain different sources of E-waste?
Answer:

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