Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 12 DNS (Domain Name System)

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 12 DNS (Domain Name System)

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications DNS (Domain Name System) Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which of the following is used to maintain all the directory of domain names?
(a) Domain name system
(b) Domain name space
(c) Name space
(d) IP address
Answer:
(a) Domain name system

Question 2.
Which of the following notation is used to denote IPv4 addresses?
(a) Binary
(b) Dotted-decimal
(c) Hexadecimal
(d) a and b
Answer:
(d) a and b

Question 3.
How many bits are used in the IPv6 addresses?
(a) 32
(b) 64
(c) 128
(d) 16
Answer:
(c) 128

Question 4.
Expression ion of URL is
(a) Uniform Resource Location
(b) Universal Resource Location
(c) Uniform Resource Locator
(d) Universal Resource Locator
Answer:
(c) Uniform Resource Locator

Question 5.
How many types are available in Relative URL?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 6.
Maximum characters used in the label of a node?
(a) 255
(b) 128
(c) 63
(d) 32
Answer:
(c) 63

Question 7.
In domain name, sequence of labels are separated by
(a) ;
(b) .(dot)
(c) :
(d) NULL
Answer:
(b) .(dot)

Question 8.
Pick the odd one out from the following.
(a) node
(b) label
(c) domain
(d) server
Answer:
(d) server

Question 9.
Which of the following initiates the mapping of domain name to IP address?
(a) Zone
(b) Domain
(c) Resolver
(d) Name servers
Answer:
(c) Resolver

Question 10.
Which is the contiguous area up to which the server has access?
(a) Zone
(b) Domain
(c) Resolver
(d) Name servers
Answer:
(a) Zone

Question 11.
ISP stands for
(a) International Service provider
(b) Internet Service Provider
(c) Internet service Protocol
(d) Index service provider
Answer:
(b) Internet Service Provider

Question 12.
TLD stands for
(a) Top Level Data
(b) Top Logical Domain
(c) Term Level Data
(d) Top Level Domain
Answer:
(d) Top Level Domain

Question 13.
Which of the following statements are true?
(i) Domains name is a part of URL.
(ii) URL made up of four parts
(iii) The relative URL is a part of Absolute URL
(iv) URL doesn’t contain any protocol
(a) (i) & (ii)
(b) (ii)
(c) (i), (ii) & (iii)
(d) (i), (ii) & (iv)
Answer:
(c) (i), (ii) & (iii)

Question 14.
Assertion(A) :The number of addresses used in IPv6 addressing method is 128.
Reason (R): IPv6 address is a 128 bit unique address.
(a) A is true and R is false.
(b) A is false and R is true.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(b) A is false and R is true.

Question 15.
Match the following
(i) domian – 1. progress that initiates trAnswer:lation
(ii) Zone – 2. contains database of domain names
(iii) name server – 3. single node
(iv) resolver – 4. contiguous nodes
(a) (i)-1 (ii)-4 (iii)-3 (iv)-2
(b) (i)-3 (ii)-4 (iii)-2 (iv)-1
(c) (i)-3 (ii)-2 (iii)-1 (iv)-4
(d) (i)-3 (ii)-4 (iii)-1 (iv)-2
Answer:
(b) (i)-3 (ii)-4 (iii)-2 (iv)-1

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
List any four domain names?
Answer:

• com
• edu
• gov
• net

Question 2.
What is an IP address?
Answer:
Internet Protocol (IP) address is simply the logical address in the network layer. Like how the door number/flat number is used to differentiate individual houses from others in the same apartment IP address is also used to find the host system in the whole network.

Question 3.
What are the types of IP addresses?
Answer:

1. IPv4 Address and
2. IPv6 Address

Question 4.
What is an URL?
Answer:

1. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a document on the Internet.
2. URL is made up of four parts-protocols, hostname, folder name, and file name.
3. Each part has its own specific functions.

Question 5.
List out four URLs you know?
Answer:

• http://www.google.com/
• http://www.yahoo.com/
• http://www.rediff.com/
• http://www.facebook.com/

Question 6.
What are the types of URLs?
Answer:

1. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a document on the Internet.
2. URL is divided into two types: Absolute URL and Relative URL.

Question 7.
What is a domain?
Answer:

• A domain is a subtree in the domain name space tree structure.
• The domain can be further divided into subdomains.

Question 8.
What is a zone?
Answer:

1. It is the area up to which the server has access.
2. The zone is defined as a group of contiguous domains and sub-domains. If the zone has a single domain, then the zone and domain are the same.

Question 9.
What is a resolver?
Answer:

1. The resolver is a program which is responsible for initiating the translation of a domain name into an IP address.
2. Since a resolver is stored in the host, there is no need for any protocol to form a connection between the resolver and the user program.

Question 10.
What are the categories available in domain name space?
Answer:

• Commercial Organization
• Educational Institutions
• Government
• Military Groups
• Non-Profit Organization
• Networking Organizations
• Information service providers etc.

Question 11.
Write any four generic Top-Level Domain?
Answer:
Domain Name:

1. com
2. edu
3. gov
4. mil

Meaning:

1. Commercial Organisation
2. Educational Institution
3. Government (US)
4. Military groups

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a note on DNS?
Answer:
Domain Name System (DNS) maintains all the directory of domain names/hostnames and help us to access the websites using the domain/hostnames. To enable the use of domain names in a network, the Domain Name System (DNS) is used.

Question 2.
Differentiate IPv4 and IPv6?
Answer:
IPv4:

1. IPv4 address is a 32-bit unique address given to a computer system
2. The number of address that can be formed is 232
3. It is represented by Binary notation Dotted-decimal notation

IPv6:

1. IPv6 address is a 128-bit unique address given to a computer system
2. The number of addresses formed in IPv6 is 2128
3. It is represented by 4 digit Hexadecimal numbers.

Question 3.
Differentiate Domain name and URL?
Answer:
Domain name:

1. Domain name is the trAnswer:lated and simpler form of IP address
2. Part of URL
3. It is subdivided into subdomains eg, .in, .uk

URL:

1. URL is the full web address used to locate a webpage
2. Complete web address including domain names.
3. It is divided into method domain name, port, path www.ibm.com

Question 4.
What are the differences between Absolute URL and Relative URL?
Answer:
Absolute URL:

1. Absolute URL is the complete address of a document on the Internet.
2. Absolute URL contains all the information that are required to find the files on the . Internet.
3. If any of the four parts is missing then the browser would not able to link to the specific file. So, all the four parts is very important in absolute URL.

Relative URL:

1. Relative URL is the partial address of a document on the Internet.
2. Relative URL contains only file name or file name with folder name.
3. We can use this type of URL when the file is on the same server related to original document.

Question 5.
Write a note on domain name?
Answer:

1. It is the sequence of labels.
2. In the domain name, the sequence of labels is separated by a dot (.).
3. The domain name is always read from the lower level to the higher level i.e., from the leaf node to the root node.
4. Since the root node always represents a NULL string, all the domain names ending with a dot.

Question 6.
Differentiate web address and URL?
Answer:
Web Address:

1. A Web Address more commonly defines a unique name that helps people remember a URL
2. It is usually in simpler form such as Amazon.com
3. Generally your browser will recognize the proper URL when you type in a web address

URL:

1. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. A is the address of a particular website, audio stream or document available on the web
2. URL’s consist of the Internet protocol needed to access the item you wish to locate on the host computer.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain briefly the components of DNS?
Answer:
There are three important components in the Domain Name System. They are

1. Names pace
2. Name server
3. Zone

Name Space

• The domain names must be very unique and appropriate.
• The names should be selected from a namespace.
• The namespace can be organized in two ways Flat namespace Hierarchical namespace
• A flat namespace is where the name is assigned to the IP address. They do not have any specific structure.
• A hierarchical namespace is where the name is made up of several parts.

The first part may represent the nature of the organization,, the second part may 1 represent the name of the organization, and the third part may represent the department of the organization and so on.

Name server

• The information which needs to be stored in the Domain namespace is quite large.
• A single system would be inefficient and insufficient to store such a huge amount as responding to requests from all over the world.
• It also becomes unreliable because in case of any failure the data becomes inaccessible.

Types of Name Servers
There are three types of Name Servers which control the entire Domain Name System:

Root Name Server

• The top-level server contains the entire DNS tree, maintained by ICANN.
• There are 13 servers.

Primary/Master Name Server

• It contains zone resource records.
• These records are updatable by domain name holders such as organizations.

Secondary/Slave Name Server

• It contains a copy of primary server files.
• This server has no authority to update but reduces the workload of the master server by sharing the queries.

Zone

• The entire namespace is divided into many different zones.
• It is the area up to which the server has access. The zone is defined as a group of contiguous domains and sub-domains.
• If the zone has a single domain, then the zone and domain are the same.

Question 2.
Classify and Explain the IP address?
Answer:
IP Address:
Internet Protocol (IP) address is simply the logical address in the network layer. Like how the door number/flat number is used to differentiate individual houses from others in the same apartment IP address is also used to find the host system in the whole network. Due to increase in the number of system in a network, there is a need of more addresses which lead to two addressing methods i.e., IPv4 and IPv6.

IPv4 Address:

1. IPv4 address is a 32-bit unique address given to a computer system. No two systems can have the same IP address.
2. If the network has p connections then ‘p’ addresses should be there.
3. An address space is the total number of addresses that can be made by that protocol. It is determined by the number of bits that the protocol used.
4. If the protocol uses ‘n’ bits then the address space of that protocol would be ‘2n’ addresses can be formed. So, the number of addresses that can be formed in IPv4 is 232.
5. There are two ways to represent the IP address – Binary notation

Dotted-decimal notation:
In binary notation, the address is expressed as 32-bit binary values.
For E.g. 00111001 10001001 00111000 00000111
In dotted-decimal notation the address is written in decimal format separated by dots(.). For e.g. 128.143.137.144

IPv6 Address:
1. IPv6 address is a 128-bit unique address given to a computer system. The number of addresses that can be formed in IPv6 is 2128.

2. In IPv6 address, the 128 bits are divided into eight 16-bits blocks.

3. Each block is then changed into 4-digit Hexadecimal numbers separated by colon symbols. E.g. 2001:0000:32313:DFE1:0063:0000:0000:FEFB.

Question 3.
Explain about the name server?
Answer:

• Name servers store the data and provide it to clients when queried by them.
• Name Servers are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.
• It is a main part in the Domain Name System (DNS). It translates the domain names to IP addresses.

It contains the DNS database which consists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. There is a need to store large number of domain names for worldwide usage, so plenty of servers are used in a hierarchical manner.

Name servers do the important task of searching domain names. While you searching a website, Local Name server (provided by ISP) ask the different name servers until one of them find out your answer. At last it returns IP address for that domain name. Your computer can now connect to the requested webpage stored on the Webserver.

Types of Name Servers
There are three types of Name Servers which control the entire Domain Name System:

• Root Name Server – top-level server which contains the entire DNS tree, maintained by ICANN. There are 13 servers.
• Primary/Master Name Server- contains zone resource records. These records are updatable by domain name holders such as organizations.
• Secondary/Slave Name Server – contains a copy of primary server files.
  This server has no authority to update, but reduces the workload of a master server by sharing the queries.

Question 4.
What is domain name space? Explain?
Answer:
Domain Name Space:
Domain name space was designed to achieve hierarchical name space. In this, the names are represented as a tree-like structure with root element on the top and this tree can have a maximum of 128 levels starting from root element taking the level 0 to level 127.

This diagram represents the domain name space where the root element is present at the topmost level i.e., level 0. The root element always represents the NULL string (empty, string). The next level to the root element is the node (children of the root element). Each node in the tree has a label and a domain name.

Label:

1. It is a string which can have a maximum of 63 characters.
2. Each node in that level should have different labels thereby assuring the individuality of the domain name.
3. In other words, Labels are the names given to domains.
4. The domain is a subtree in the domain name space tree structure. The domain can be further divided into subdomains.

Domain name:
It is the sequence of labels. In the domain name, the sequence of labels is separated by a dot (.).

Question 5.
Explain how the DNS is working?
Answer:

• When the user enters the URL (consists of a protocol, domain name, folder name, filename) in the browser, the system first checks its DNS cache for the corresponding IP address.
• If the IP address is found in the cache then the information is retrieved from the cache.
• If not, then the system needs to perform a DNS query i.e., the system needs to query the resolver about the IP address from Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Each resolver has its own cache and if it is found in that then that information is retrieved.
• If not, then the query is passed to the next domain- server i.e., TLD (Top Level Domain) which reviews the request and directs the query to name servers associated with that specific domain.
• Until the query is solved it is passed to next level domains.
• At last, the mapping and the record are returned to the resolver who checks whether the returned value is a record or an error.
• Then the resolver returns the record back to the computer browser which is then viewed by the user.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions DNS (Domain Name System) Additional Question and Answer

I. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
Websites were accessed through their ……………..
a) HTML
b) URL
c) domain
d) IP addresses
Answer:
d) IP addresses

Question 2.
Which of the following statements are true?
(i) Internet is based on IP addresses, not domain names.
(ii) Internet is based on domain names not on IP names.
(iii) It is easy to use domain names.
(a) (i) (iii)
(b) (i) (ii)
(c) (ii)
(d) (iii) (ii)
Answer:
(a) (i) (iii)

Question 3.
To enable the use of domain names in a network ………….. is used.
a) HTML
b) URL
c) DNS
d) IP addresses
Answer:
c) DNS

Question 4.
Who invented DNS?
(i) Jon Postel
(ii) Jerold 3
(iii) V. Mockapetris
(iv) Bob Futon
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(c) (i) and (iii)

Question 5.
……………………….. was known as “God of the Internet”.
Answer:
Jan Postel

Question 6.
In IPv6 address, the 128 bits are divided into ………….. blocks.
a) 4
b) 16
c) 4
d) 5
Answer:
b) 16

Question 7.
…………………………. address is the logical address in the Network Layer
Answer:
Internet Protocol

Question 8.
The WHOIS is a service of …………..
a) IANA
b) DNS
c) ICANN
d) None of these
Answer:
c) ICANN

Question 9.
How many ways of IPV4 address represenations are there
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 10.
In ………………………… notation, the address is written in decimal format separated by dots.
Answer:
dotted-decimal

Question 11.
What is the equivalent binary value of 143?
Answer:
(a) 100000
(b) 10001001
(c) 10010000
(d) 10001111
Answer:
(d) 10001111

Question 12.
IPV4 address is a ……………………….. bit unique address given to a computer
(a) 8
(b) 16
(c) 32
(d) 64
Answer:
(c) 32

Question 13.
………… is used to host the websites
and to deliver the contents of websites using HTTP
a) Host
b) Server
c) Webpages
d) SMTP
Answer:
b) Server

Question 14.
The two ways to represent the IPV4 address are ………………………… and ………………………… notations.
Answer:
Binary, Dotted-Decimal

Question 15.
The number of address that can be formed in IPV6 is
(a) 128
(b) 32
(c) 2³²
(d) 2¹²⁸
Answer:
(d) 2¹²⁸

Question 16.
In IPV6 address, the 128 bits are divided into …………………………….. 16-bits blocks.
(a) 8
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 1
Answer:
(a) 8

Question 17.
Each block in IPV6 address is changed into ………………………… Hexadecimal numbers.
(a) 8 digits
(b) 4 digit
(c) 2 digit
(d) 1 digit
Answer:
(b) 4 digit

Question 18.
Which number representations are used in IPV6 addressing?
(a) Binary
(b) decimal
(c) octal
(d) Hexadecimal
Answer:
(d) Hexadecimal

Question 19.
In IPV6 Addressing, hexadecimal numbers are separated by ……………………………
(a) :
(b) .
(c) ,
(d) ;
Answer:
(a) :

Question 20.
Which is the address of a document on the Internet?
(a) IPV4
(b) IPV6
(c) IP
(d) URL
Answer:
(d) URL

Question 21.
How many parts are there in the URL?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 1
Answer:
(a) 4

Question 22.
How many types of URLs are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 23.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) protocols
(b) hostname
(c) server
(d) Folders
Answer:
(c) server

Question 24.
Match the following.
(i) Absolute URL – 1. Dotted Decimal notation
(ii) Relative URL – 2. Partial Address
(iii) IPV4 – 3. HexaDecimal Notation
(iv) IPV6 – 4. Complete address
(a) (i)-1 (ii)-2 (iii)-3 (iv)-4
(b) (i)-4 (ii)-2 (iii)-1 (iv)-3
(c) (i)-4 (ii)-3 (iii)-2 (iv)-1
(d) (i)-4 (ii)-1 (iii)-2 (iv)-3
Answer:
(b) (i)-4 (ii)-2 (iii)-1 (iv)-3

Question 25.
Depending on the location of the document, the URL is divided into ………………………… and ………………………. URL
Answer:
Absolute and Relative

Question 26.
Find the wrong statement from the following.
(I) Relative URL is used when the file is on a different server.
(II) Relative URL is needed when the file is on the same server.
Answer:
(I) Relative URL is used when the file is on a different server.

Question 27.
How many important components are there in the Domain Name System?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 28.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) Relative URL
(b) Namespace
(c) Name Server
(d) Zone
Answer:
(a) Relative URL

Question 29.
There are …………………………. ways of arranging the namespace?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 30.
Identify the statements which are true.
(I) Flat namespace is the name assigned to the IP address.
(II) They have a specific structure.
(III) They can be used in large systems.
(IV) They need to be accessed and controlled centrally.
(a) I. IV
(b) I, II, III
(c) II, III, IV
(d) III, IV
Answer:
(a) I. IV

Question 31.
Find the wrongly matched pair about Hierarchical namespaces.
(a) First part – Nature of organization
(b) IInd part – Name or organization
(c) IIIrd part – Department or organization
(d) IVth part – Location of organization
Answer:
(d) IVth part – Location of organization

Question 32.
In hierarchical namespace, names are represented with …………………………… structure.
(a) honeycomb
(b) tree
(c) root
(d) hair like
Answer:
(b) tree

Question 33.
Which is present on the top in tree-like structure hierarchical namespace?
(a) root
(b) top
(c) tree
(d) name
Answer:
(a) root

Question 34.
In hierarchical namespace, level 0 is …………………………..
(a) root
(b) top
(c) tree
(d) bottom
Answer:
(a) root

Question 35.
A tree can have a maximum of ………………………….. levels.
(a) 64
(b) 128
(c) 256
(d) 612
Answer:
(b) 128

Question 36.
A tree with 128 levels starting from root element taking the level …………………………. to ………………………………
(a) 1 to 128
(b) 0 to 128
(c) 1 to 127
(d) 0 to 127
Answer:
(d) 0 to 127

Question 37.
Find the wrong statement from the following
(a) The root element always represents the pointer
(b) The root element always represents the NULL string
(c) The root element always represents the empty string.
Answer:
(a) The root element always represents the pointer

Question 38.
The …………………………… level to the root element is the children node of root element.
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) next
(d) previous
Answer:
(c) next

Question 39.
Each node in the tree has a ……………………………. and a ……………………….
Answer:
label, domain name

Question 40.
…………………………. are the names given to domains.
Answer:
Labels

Question 41.
Which is a subtree in domain name space tree structure?
(a) Domain
(b) root domain
(c) co-domain
(d) sub-domain
Answer:
(a) Domain

Question 42.
The domain can be further divided into ………………………..
(a) domain root
(b) root domain
(c) subdomain
(d) co-domain
Answer:
(c) subdomain

Question 43.
The domain name is always read from ………………………….. level to ………………………….. level.
(a) lower to higher
(b) higher to lower
(c) center to end
(d) beginning to center
Answer:
(a) lower to higher

Question 44.
Which one of the following is not allowed while giving domain names?
(a) alphabets
(b) digits
(c) spaces
(d) Hyphens
Answer:
(c) spaces

Question 45.
The length of the domain names is from ………………………… to ………………………. characters.
(a) 1 to 64
(b) 1 to 63
(c) 2 to 64
(d) 2 to 63
Answer:
(d) 2 to 63

Question 46.
The entire Domain name may be at most of …………………………….. characters long.
(a) 63
(b) 64
(c) 254
(d) 253
Answer:
(d) 253

Question 47.
Find the true statement from the following.
(a) Domain names are case-sensitive.
(b) Hyphen can be used as the first character of a domain name.
(c) Special symbols are not permitted in Domain names
(d) spaces are allowed
Answer:
(c) Special symbols are not permitted in Domain names

Question 48.
………………………… is the last part of a domain name.
Answer:
Top level domain

Question 49.
Generic top level domains are maintained by
(a) IANA
(b) ICWA
(c) WHOIS
(d) WHO
Answer:
(a) IANA

Question 50.
Which is the domain name for a Non-profit organizations?
(a) NGO
(b) NPO
(c) NONORG
(d) ORG
Answer:
(d) ORG

Question 51.
…………………….. is the domain name for information service providers.
(a) isp
(b) inf
(c) info
(d) insepr
Answer:
(c) info

Question 52.
How many characters are used for country domain names?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 53.
Match the following country domain names
(i) Srilanka – 1. cn
(ii) China – 2. Ik
(iii) Canada – 3. sg
(iv) Singapore – 4. ca
(a) (i)-2 (ii)-1 (iii)-4 (iv)-3
(b) (i)-1 (ii)-2 (iii)-3 (iv)-4
(c) (i)-4 (ii)-3 (iii)-2 (iv)-1
(d) (i)-4 (ii)-l (iii)-2 (iv)-3
Answer:
(a) (i)-2 (ii)-1 (iii)-4 (iv)-3

Question 54.
…………………………. is the domain name for Bangladesh
(a) Bd
(b) Ba
(c) Bg
(d) Bn
Answer:
(a) Bd

Question 55.
………………………….. is the country domain name for srilanka
(a) si
(b) lk
(c) sr
(d) sk
Answer:
(b) lk

Question 56.
Which language is also used in three country top-level Domain names?
(a) English
(b) Urdu
(c) Tamil
(d) Hindi
Answer:
(c) Tamil

Question 57.
Pick the odd one out
(Countries using the Tamil Language in Domain Names)
(a) India
(b) Singapore
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Srilanka
Answer:
(c) Bangladesh

Question 58.
Which programs run on a physical system stores all the zone data?
(a) Name Servers
(b) Clients
(c) DNSO
(d) IP address
Answer:
(a) Name Servers

Question 59.
Which converts the IP address to a domain name?
(a) Domain
(b) Name server
(c) Inverse domain
(d) Server
Answer:
(c) Inverse domain

Question 60.
Which is the main part of the DNS?
(a) Domain
(b) Name Server
(c) Subdomain
(d) Label
Answer:
(b) Name Server

Question 61.
Which one of the following is not a function of Name servers?
(a) It translates the domain names to IP addresses
(b) It searches the domain names.
(c) It returns IP address
(d) It does not store Zone data
Answer:
(d) It does not store Zone data

Question 62.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) Root name Server
(b) Client Server
(c) Primary name Server
(d) Slave Name Server
Answer:
(b) Client Server

Question 63.
Master Name Server is otherwise called as ………………………….
Answer:
Primary Name Server

Question 64.
Match the following
(i) Root Name Server – 1. copy of primary server files
(ii) Master Name Server – 2. Zone resource records
(iii) Slave Name Server – 3. Zone file
(iv) Zone – 4. top level server
(a) (i)-1 (ii)-2 (iii)-3 (iv)-4
(b) (i)-4 (ii)-3 (iii)-2 (iv)-1
(c) (i)-1 (ii)-4 (iii)-3 (iv)-2
(d) (i)-4 (ii)-2 (iii)-1 (iv)-3
Answer:
(d) (i)-4 (ii)-2 (iii)-1 (iv)-3

Question 65.
How many Root Name Servers are there?
(a) 10
(b) 13
(c) 20
(d) 23
Answer:
(b) 13

Question 66.
………………………….. server has an entire DNS tree.
(a) Root Name
(b) Primary
(c) Master Name
(d) Slave Name
Answer:
(a) Root Name

Question 67.
Find the correct statement.
(I) Slave Name Server contains a copy of primary server files.
(II) Slave Name has authority to update.
(a) I-True, II-False
(b) I-False, II-True
(c) I, II – Both True
(d) I, II – Both False
Answer:
(a) I-True, II-False

Question 68.
What is another name for Slave Name Server?
(a) Root
(b) Primary
(c) Master
(d) Secondary
Answer:
(d) Secondary

Question 69.
Which Name Server can update the records?
(a) Root
(b) Primary
(c) Secondary
(d) Slave
Answer:
(b) Primary

Question 70.
ICANN stands for ………………………….
Answer:
Internet Corporation for Assigned Name and Numbers

Question 71.
How many copies of zone files are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 72.
The two copies of zone files are ………………………… and ……………………….
Answer:
Master file, Slave file

Question 73.
Every Zone has a server which contains a database called
(a) Zone file
(b) Master Name Server
(c) Slave Name Server
(d) Root file
Answer:
(a) Zone file

Question 74.
Find the wrong statement.
(I) the protocol is needed to form a connection between the resolver and the user program
(II) the protocol is not necessary to form a connection between the resolver and the user program
Answer:
(I) the protocol is needed to form a connection between the resolver and the user program

Question 75.
While typing the URL in the browser, the browser sends the URL to …………………………..
(a) DNS
(b) DMS
(c) ICANN
(d) WHOIS
Answer:
(a) DNS

Question 76.
the server is used to host the websites and to deliver the contents of websites using
(a) DNS
(b) HTTP
(c) WWW
(d) ISP
Answer:
(b) HTTP

Question 77.
……………………….. directs the query to name servers associated with that specific domain.
(a) TLD
(b) DNS
(c) ICANN
(d) ISP
Answer:
(a) TLD

Question 78.
IANA stands for ………………………..
Answer:
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

Question 79.
The registered domain names and their Answers are available in
(a) ICT
(b) WHOIS
(c) IANA
(d) WHO WAS
Answer:
(b) WHOIS

Question 80.
Which of the following are managed by IANA?
(a) DNS Root
(b) IP Addressing
(c) Internet protocol resource handling
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 81.
……………………………. URL contains all the four necessary and fundamental parts of URL.
Answer:
Absolute

II. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is the use of DNS?
Answer:
Domain Name System (DNS) maintains all the directory of domain names/hostnames and help us to access the websites using the domain/hostnames.

Question 2.
How are the namespaces organized?
Answer:
The namespace can be organized in two ways

1. Flat namespace
2. Hierarchical namespace

Question 3.
What is the use of Generic Top-level Domain names?
Answer:
Give Example.
Generic Top-Level Domain names:
The top level domain is the last part of a domain name. Generic top-level domains are used for general purposes and maintained by IANA.
Generic Domian Names:

Question 4.
Define Country top-leve domain names?
Country top-level domain names
Answer:
The country domain uses a 2-character country abbreviation according to country. For e.g., google, in – for INDIA, google.us for US.
Country domain names:

Question 5.
What is Zone?
Answer:

• The zone is defined as a group of contiguous domains and sub-domains.
• If the zone has a single domain, then the zone and domain are the same.

Question 6.
What is WHOIS?
Answer:
The WHOIS is a service of ICANN. It is a free, publicly available directory containing the details of registered domain names and their owners (registrants), https://whois.icann.org/en

Question 8.
What is a Name Server?
Answer:

• Name Servers are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.
• It provides to clients when queried by them.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
What are the two ways to represent IPV4 addresses? Explain with examples?
Answer:
There are two ways to represent the IP address:

1. Binary notation
2. Dotted-decimal notation

In binary notation the address is expressed as 32-bit binary values.
For E.g. 00111001 10001001 00111000 00000111

In dotted-decimal notation, the address is written in decimal format separated by dots(.).
For e.g. 128.143.137.144

Question 2.
Write notes on Fiat name Space?
Answer:

• Flat namespace is where the name is assigned to the IP address.
• They do not have any specific structure.
• In this flat namespace, some meaningful names are been given to IP addresses for access.

Disadvantage:

• Flat name Space cannot be used in large systems. Because they need to be accessed and controlled centrally to avoid ambiguity and redundancy.
• But it is difficult in a flat name system. To avoid this major disadvantage hierarchical namespace is used in large.

Question 3.
List any six country domain names?
Answer:
Domain Name – Meaning
in – India
us – United States
fr – France
uk – United Kingdom
ca – Canada
au – Australia

Question 4.
Write a short note on Resolver.
Answer:

• Domain Name System is a client/ server application.
• A host system needs to map a domain name to an IP address or vice versa according to the call and that work is done by the resolver.
•  The resolver either asks the server to provide information about the IP address.
• If it doesn’t find any information, then it sends the request to other servers and so on.
• Once the resolver receives the mapping, it checks whether it is an error or resolution (mapping) and provides results according to that.

Question 5.
Write a note on ICANN?
Answer:
ICANN, Internet Corporation for Assigned Name and Numbers is a Non-profit Organization which assigns names and numbers for all Internet resources like domain names and IP addresses.

Question 6.
What is IANA?
Answer:
IANA is an affiliated authority of ICANN. IANA does the overall management of the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resource handling. IANA takes care of a number of key aspects of the DNS, including the root zone, and the domains .int and .arpa. https://www.iana.org/

IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain URL?
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator (URL):
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a document on the Internet. URL is made up four parts-protocols, hostname, folder name and file name. Each part has its own specific functions. Depending on the applications, additional information can be added to the URL but the common and fundamental URL consists of these four parts.

The basic URL where http is a protocol, www.cms.tn.gov.in is a hostname/domain name, sites/default/files/press release are the folders and pr070119a.jpg is the file name. These are all the basic information which can be obtained from a URL.

URL Type:
Depending on the location of the document the URL is divided into 2 types

1. Absolute URL
2. Relative URL

Absolute URL:
An absolute URL is the complete address of a document on the Internet. Absolute URL contains all the information that are required to find the files on the Internet. These are similar to postal addresses if any of the information is missing then the post will not be able to deliver to the right person. Similarly, if any of the four parts is missing then the browser would not able to link to the specific file. So, all four parts are very important in absolute URL.

Relative URL:
A relative URL is the partial address of a document on the Internet. Relative URL contains only file name or file name with folder name. We can use this type of URL when the file is on the same server related to the original document.

Question 2.
List the basic rules of Domain Name?
Answer:

• The domain can consist of Alphabets a through z, and the digits 0 through 9.
• Hyphens are allowed, but hyphens can not be used as the first character of a domain name.
• Spaces are not allowed
• Special symbols (such as I, $, &, _ and so on) are not permitted.
• Domain names have a minimum length of 2, and a maximum length of 63 characters. The entire name may be at most 253 characters long.
• Domain names are not case-sensitive. (It may be upper, lower, or mixing of both case letters).